Ukunikezwa kolwazi lomdabu Kwezomnotho.
Ukusebenzisa nezinye izinhlelo zolwazi, isibonelo ulwazi lwezomdabu luyasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela nobuchwepheshe bokuphilayo kwamanje kuzigaba zezemithi kanye nezinye ukwandisa izinga lokuqamba.
Isikhwama se-IKS Sikazwelonke, ukusebenza njengomgcini wempahla yobuhlakani lapho kufaneleke khona, kanye nanjengomhambisi nomnikezeli wezinsiza zomthetho okungezokugcina zemiphakathi yomdabu kanye namanye amaqembu aphethe ulwazi.
Uhulumeni waseRiphabhulikini yaseNingizimu Afrika ubeka ukuzimisela kwakhe ekuboneni, ekuqhubekiseni, ekuthuthukiseni, ekuvikeleni kanye nasekuqinisekiseni i-IKS. Le nqubomgomo iwumkhiqizo wokuxhumana okubanzi, ukubhekwa kwezongcwaningo, ukuxoxisana kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwababambi qhaza abahlukahlukene. Ukubamba iqhaza kochwepheshe kanye nabaphathi Bolwazi Lomdabu (i-IK) okusemqoka kakhulu. Igqugquzelwa yizimiso jikelele zamalungelo esintu futhi ifaka okuyigugu kwase-Afrika koqobo okufana nobuntu kanye ne-batho-pele. Loku okuyigugu kufaka ukulwa nobandlululo futhi kumele ukuqhubeka wazise ukukhululeka ngezinhlelo zolwazi ezivela ekunyezweni nasekufihlweni.
Izinhlelo zolwazi lomdabu ezithuthukiswe zagcinwa ngabantu bomdabu baseningizimu afrika zibonisa izinhlelo zempilo nezenkolo zengxenye enkulu yomphakathi. Ulwazi lomdabu olunje luzibonisa ezindaweni ezisuka kumigubho yamasiko nezenkolo ukuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo kanye nokungena kwezempilo. " ulwazi lwezomdabu" (i-IK) isetshenziswa ngokufanayo jikelele nolwazi "lwamasiko" kanye "nelendawo" ukwehlukanisa ulwazi oluthuthukisayo kanye nemiphakathi yomdabu ebonakalayo ukuvela kuzinhlelo zolwazi "zamazwe ngamazwe" okuvela kumanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo zikahulumeni kanye nezimboni zangasese, kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa ngokungafanele njengohlelo lolwazi " LwaseNtshonalanga".
Ngaphansi kobandlululo, Izinhlelo Zolwazi (IKS) eNingizimu Afrika kanye nobvuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ezinje, ezivinjwayo bese zigconwa. Loku kunomphumela muphi ekuthuthukiseni ezomnotho kanye nezomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika, onemiphumela yokupholisa ezokuthuthukisa ezenhlalonhle, zamasiko kanye nezomnotho kubantu babo abaningi. Kukulinganiswa ngakunye kwamazinga ezenhlalonhle nezomnotho kanye kanye nezempilo enhle, kumaqembu ayo yonke iminyaka, izimo zezezwe kanye nobulili nobulili, abantu bomdabu basesimweni esibucayi. Ububi ababhekene nabo bunamandla okwandisa aqhubeke afake ukungalingani ngaphakathi kwezomdabu nezinye izingxenye zomphakathi eminyakeni eyinkulungwane ezayo, ngaphandle kokuthi umzamo omkhulu wenziwe manje ukulungisa ukungalingani okuqhubekayo, okungenzeki ukuthi nokukodwa okungukuhlonipha izinhlelo zolwazi zemiphakathi yomdabu kanye nolwazi lwamasiko olucacile ngaphakathi kwalezi, ezifana nezinhlaka zezinyamga kanye nolwazi lwamasiko olucacile njengoluphethwe ngabafazi emphakathini.
Ukuhlanganisa nokugubha imibono yase-Afrika ezinhlelweni zolwazi zase-Ningizimu Afrika akulona kuphela udaba oluphathelene nokulungisa. Lungasiza ukwakha imithetho yocwaningo olusha kanye namabalazwe omqondo, kanye nokunikeza ulwazi kwesezikhona. Ukubekwa maqondana nokwehla kweminyaka eyinkulungwane yokucindezelwa, ekhona emnothweni ongepphikiswe we-IK oye walondwa wasinda kwamanye amacala, aye anda ngaphakathi kwemiphakathi nezakhamuzi. Okuningi kwe-IK okunye kwaphikelela ukuba khona kwakhe kwaphinda kwanikeza ulwazi ekucabangeni kwesi-Afrika ngokuphathelene nezindaba ezifana nobuciko, umculo, inkolo kanye nezobufundisi, ukubusa, ubulungisa, ezempilo kanye nezolimo. Ukuzazi ngokwakho nokwamasiko, okufaka izinhlelo zenkolo yezenhlalonhle, ziye zahlala zinamandla ziphinde zidlidlizele ngokusebenzisa okuqhubekayo kokubhekwa kwabaqashi be-IK, ngaphandle kwendawo ngayinye ewubutha yezenhlalonhle nezepolitiki nezimpawu zobukholoni kanye nobandlululo. Ngokujwayelekile abesifazane yibona abayizingqalabutho zalawa mabandla olwazi.
Impumelelo yentando yeningi ngaphezu kwezinselele zobandlululo ezifuna sakhe uhl;aka lukazwelonke lokuthuthukisa okwangaphambilini okusebenzayo kwezinhlelo zolwazi lomdabu. Lolu hlaka oluvumelayo luzawuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bayakwazi ukubona amandla abo ngokuphelele emphakathini, futhi lwakha ibhuloki yokwakha esemqoka ukuze kufinyelele ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izinhloso nothando lukazwelonke.
Ukusebenzisa nezinye izinhlelo zolwazi, isibonelo ulwazi lwezomdabu luyasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela nobuchwepheshe bokuphilayo kwamanje kuzigaba zezemithi kanye nezinye ukwandisa izinga lokuqamba.
Le nqubomgomo ifaka Iminyango KaHulumeni ehlukahlukene okuye kwaxhunywana nayo ngezibopho zokusebenza ezinomqondo ukunikeza ukwethulwa okunempumelelo kuzinqubomgomo kanye nezinhlelo ezigabeni ezahlukile. Inani lemisebenzi yokusungula emihle yesigaba (Emnyangweni wezempilo, ngokwesibonelo, noma ngokuhlonipha ucwaningo nge-IKS, ngokusebenzisa I-NRF) sekwenZiwe. Isidingo sohlaka lwenqubomgomo ebanzi enguikhukhulela ngoqo iye yabonwa okwenziwayo okusebenzayo osekukhona ngokusebenzisa Ikomiti Iminyango Ehlanganyele kulo omgcinisihlalo walo kuyi-DST.
Ngakho-ke le nqubomgomo iqhubeke ngesisekelo sokuthi izinhlelo zolwazi lomdabu, ngohlobo lwazo zidinga indlela " ehlanganisayo". Okuhambisayo kanye nemisebenzi yokuqalisa efakelayo kwezinye izigaba ezingaphansi kokuthuthuka okusebenzayo futhi kumele zimele umqondo ophelele wendawo ye-IKS eNingizimu Afrika.
Inqubomgomo yolimi kazwelonke isikhona futhi umthetho owuhlaka wenziwe. Ukuqhubekiswa kanye nokunikezwa kwamalungelo okushicilela komculo wezomdabu kanye nohlobo lobuciko obethula umsebenzi osenziwa. Umthetho sivivinywa Wochwepheshe Bezempilo Wamasiko wakhiwe futhi uphakamisa ukumiswa kwebandla lokulunganisa elizokwaziwa njengebandla Lobuchwepheshe Bezempilo Lamasiko, elizokwengamela imisebenzi yezinyanga ecishe ibe ngama- 200 000 eNingizimu Afrika.
Ngokucacile akusoze kwazeke kungqikithi yalolu hlaka lwenqubomgomo ukukhethela ngokugcwele kubenzi zinqubomgomo ezigabeni ezinezici ezingajwayelekile zazo ngokwazo. Noma kunjalo kuzokuba nesidingo sokwakha imisebenzi embalwa emisha ukweseka ukusebenza ngokuphelele kwe-IKS eNingizimu Afrika.
Le ngxenye esemqoka yohlaka lwenqubomgomo idinga ukumiswa kwamaplatifomu eningizimu Afrika ukuqinisa, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuxoxisana nge-IKS, kanye nokwakha umqondo womphakathi ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zochwepheshe.
Isikhungo esinegunya lokweseka, okungaba uhlobo lokwethemba, ukusiza imiphakathi ekutholeni, ekuvikeleni nasekunikezeleni imivuzo etholakala emphakathini ephethe impahla yobuhlakani kanye namanye amalungelo omphakathi ngaphezu kolwazi Lomdabu. Kwamanye amacala, imiphakathi noma izinhlangano zingakhetha ukumisa izikhwama sayo ngale nhloso, lapho umnako ocacile noma imbuyiselo idinga loku.
Uphawu olusemqoka lwenqubomgomo kuzakuba ngukwakhiwa kohlelo lokurekhoda olusemthethweni lwe-IK. Uma ngabe iNingizimu Afrika ikhetha ukubeka i-IK emphakathini omkhulu noma uzama ukulondoloza uhlobo lokuvikela, uhlelo lokurekhoda lungolumqoka kakhulu.
Kukhona isidingo esicacile sokubona kanye nokuvikela ulwazi lomdabu kanye ne-IKS eNingizimu Afrika ngezizathu zosikompilo. Izimo ezimbili nezigcwele yonke indawo ziyakwazi ukuvikela ukukhunjulwa okunje. Isimo sokuqala esijwayelekile emlandweni wezepolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika bese ivela ekucindezelweni kwamalungelo esintu asekwe kubuhlanga kanye namasiko. Izikhungo zolwazi ezakhiwe ngaleso sikhathi nangaphambi kwaloko zisenqubeni yokuguqulwa ukunikeza incazelo/imishwana yobuhlakani bobuntu besi-Afrika. Isimo sesibili sitholwa ekusheshisweni kokwembulunga futhi kuthelela zonke izinhlelo zolwazi lomdabu emhlabeni wonkana.
Umnyango Wezobuciko Namasiko uzodinga ukunikeza ngokucacile ubuholi bobuhlakani ngokuphathelene nalezo zimo zombili.
Iningizimu Afrika iyayithanda inkululeko yayo eyinqobe kakhulu kanye nokukhululeka eminyakeni yokucindezelwa eyesekwe ekuphangeni ngokomthetho imithombo yokwenza yabantu bomdabu. Kungaphakathi kwale ngqikithi, lapho inqubo yokukhululeka kuka zwelonke yaqhutshwa ngemibono eyesekwe kumigomo yomthetho engumnyombo kanye nokuyigugu kwentando yeningi. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sithunzi sobuntu, ukufinyelela ukulingana, ukuqonda amalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko, kanye nokulingana kwelungelo lobulungisa, ukungabandlululi ngobuhlanga nangobulili. Imibono yobulungisa bezenhlalonhle kanye nokulingana ngaphakathi kwengqikithi yomthetho yaseNingizimu Afrika, akuwona kuphela umnyombo wobugugu kanye nemiqondo; sihambisana nokuphokophela ukwenza ukulungisa kabusha kokwenziwayo okuhle okulinganisayo jikelele nokucacile. Kuyadingeka ukwazisa nokuvumela izikhali zenqubomgomo ukuthi zimnikeze okwenzekayo kumibandela yomthethosisekelo ngokuphathelene namalungelo anje.
Isigaba se-185 Somthethosisekelo sidinga ukumiswa kwekhomishana Yokuthuthukisa kanye Nokuvikela kwamalungelo Emiphakathi yamasiko, Inkolo Nezilimi. Umthetho ofanele ogunyaza Ikhomishana wasayinwa njengomthetho ngo-2002. Eyodwa yezinhloso ezisemqoka zeKhomishana "ukuthuthukisa ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo emiphakathi yesiko, yezenkolo kanye neyolimi." Ikhomishani inawo futhi amandla "okuhlola, ukuphenya, ukucwaninga, ukufundisa, ukucela amavoti, ukweluleka kanye nokubika ngezindaba eziphathelene namalungelo emiphakathi yesiko, yezenkolo neyolimi." Ngokucacile inhlangano ethuthukisa noma eyeluleka nge-IKS izodinga ukusebenzisana ngokusondelene neKhomishana. Le nqubomgomo ifuna ukuqondana ngokwakhayo ukusebenza kwe-IKS ngaphakathi kwengqikithi yale nkululeko namalungelo ezomnotho, ezenhlalonhle nezamasiko.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-Ningizimu Afrika isiphinde yangenela imicimbi yomhlaba oyimbulunga, kukhona kokubili amathuba kanye nezinselele zokuthi kuphathwe I-IKS ngokuhlakanipha. Ukukhuphuka kweNingizimu Afrika ngaphakathi kohlelo lwamanje lwezepolotiki nezomhlaba ngesilinganiso somhlaba oyimbulunga akusho ukuthi akunazo izinkinga ngoba umqondo wembulunga yomhlaba ngokwawo uyinkundla enokuncintisana.
Ngokomqondo wezomnotho, umhlaba oyimbulunga usho ukuba banzi nokudepha kokugeleza kwezezimali zemisebenzi kanye nolwazi ngaphakathi kwemakethi eyodwa yembulunga yomhlaba ohlangene. Umphumela wale nqubo ukwehla kanye nokuphungulwa kwezihibe ezitholakele kuzwelonke, ukwandiswa kokugelelza kwemali eqongelelweyo kanye nokukhuphuka kokudluliswa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukushaya kwamandla kwembulunga yomhlaba kumazwe kazwelonke kunomphumela ngokuphathelene nokuzimela kanye namandla okwenza izinqubomgomo. Umbono othelela ngokhulayo ukuthi "izimfuno zokukhulula, ukwehlisa ukuphathwa ngumbuso kwezomnotho kanye "nokunikeza kwabangasese" kuholela ekuncipheni ngokuzibandakanya kuka hulumeni empilweni kazwelonke.
Ukuxabhelela kwesiko kuhlobene nenhlanganisela kanti nasesikhathini esingingi ukuphoqelela kwemiqondo eyehlukile kanye nokuyigugu ukwakha isiko elifanayo lomhlaba wonke "esigodini sembulunga". Izindlela ezisemqoka kule nqubo ukuhlanganyela kwezomnotho, ezokuxhumana eziningi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamapulatifomu ezobuchwepheshe bolwazi obusha, okungenzeka ngokwesibonelo, zivamise ukwenza kusheshe ukumiswa kokwenziwa kwamasiko afanayo ethulwa ekudleni, ekuculeni, ekudanseni, ekukhulumeni, ekubhaleni njll, okuqukethe ukufaniswa "kwesigodi sembulunga".
Isiboniso semiphumela enzima yokwembulunga ukudleka okusheshayo kokwehluka kwezilimi ngokuphambana komhlaba. Kulinganiswe ukuthi kukhona izilimi ezikhulunywayo ezingama-5000 ukuya ku-7000, okwenzekayo ukuthi okungenani zilimi ezicishe zibe yi-100 ezinyamalalayo ngonyaka ngamunye. Cishe ezilimini ezikhulunywayo ezingama-2500 ezisele ezisengozini kumanje, amaphesenti angama-32 alezi okuyizili zase-Afrika/Zomdabu. Okwembulunga yikona kodwa okusolwayo njengomtheleli omkhulu ekunyamaleni kwazo.
Ukugcizelelwa kuzakubekwa eluqhubekisweni kokuxhumana kwamazwe ngamazwe ku-IKS ukusuka emqondweni wokuhlukaniselana ukwenza nokuzimisela okuhle kakhulu kuzinhloso ezifanayo nabahlanganyeli abanothando oluhlangana nolwethu.
Ngokuhambisana Nesu Lamakhambi Esintu Enhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO), "Amakhambi esintu asetshenziswa kabanzi, kuzinhlelo ezikhula ngokushesha zezempilo ngobumqoka bezomnotho". E-Afrika, ukufika kuma-80% ezakhamuzi ezisebenzisa amakhambi esintu ukuze bafinyelele izidingo zabo zokunakekela ezempilo. E-Asia nase-Latin America, izakhamuzi ziyaqhubeka zisebenzise amakhambi esintu ngenxa yezimo zezomlando kanye nezinkolelo zamasiko. EShayina, amakhambi esintu angabalwa ukuthi angama-40% azo zonke izinsiza zokunakekela ezempilo.
Emazweni asathuthuka, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwamakhambi esintu kuye kuhlotshaniswe ekufinyelelweni kwako nokukwazi ukuthengeka. E-Uganda, ngokwazekayo, isilinganiso sabasebenzi abelapha ngamakhamba esintu uma siqhathaniswa nezakhamuzi siphakathi kwe- 1:200 kanue ne- 1:400. Loku kwehluka kakhulu nokuba khona kwabasebenzi aba-allopathic, labo isilinganiso sabo singu-1:20 000 ngokujwayelekile noma ngaphansi. Ngaphezu kwaloko, ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi abanje kungaba ngokungalingani, ngoba abaningi babo batholakala emadolobheni noma kwezinye izindawo ezingamadolobha, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthi imiphakathi yasemaphandleni ifinyelele kuyo. Amakhambi esintu kwesinye isikhathi yiwo kuphela awumthombo othengekayo wokunakekela ezempilo - ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezihlupheka kakhulu zomhlaba.
Ukusetshenziswa ngemfanelo - ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kanye nokuba nempumelelo kuzindleko.
Ukubona ngokokuqinisa igunya elisemqoka lamakhambi esintu eNingizimu Afrika, Umnyango Wezempilo wenze uhlaka Lomthetho Sivivinywa Wabasebenzi Bezempilo Zosiko. Lo mthethisivivinywa ubhekana nezinhlobo ezenziwe uhlu ngenhla uphinde uphakamise ukumiswa kwenhlangano yokulinganisa.
Kukhona isidingo sokuqinisa umsebenzi Wocwaningo Nokuthuthukisa kulo mkhakha, ikakhulukazi njengoba ihambisana nokurekhoda kanye nokweseka izinyanga ngokuphepha nokufinyelela, ngaphakathi kokunye okubaliwe.
Kodwa, ngaphandle kokungabikhona kwemihahiso okuhleliwe, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nemithi nezolimo zomdabu, okwethula imisebenzi esemqoka yezomnotho eNingizimu Afrika, ulwazi lwezomdabu nalo lusethula igunya elisemqoka ekuxhaseni izimpilo zomphakathi eziningi zaseNingizimu Afrika. Kukhona umbono oyaye uphikiswe wokuthi ezolimo zomdabu ziwuhlelo lokukhiqiza izinhlamvu nokungamelwa yi-ikholoji okunye kwaboniswa ukuxhaswa esikhathini eside. Ikhulisa ukukhiqizwa okulondekile ngokusebenzisa ukuzijwayeza kumvelo yendawo. Ukulondeka kwezinhlamvu kuqinisekiswe ngokuthuthukisa uhlelo olunzima oluphatha izimpawu ezinje ezifana nokwehluka kwezinhlamvu, izitshalo ezisakazwe kahle, imithombo yamajini ehlukile, ukulima okuncane, kanye nokwehlukile okungatshaliwe, kanye nokwahlukaniselana ukudla nemisebenzi. Lezi zehlakalo zivamise ukuba ukuphendulela okunomqondo kuzimo zendawo futhi kuyizimo zokuzijwayeza okunomqondo kuzingozi ezinje.
ENingizimu Afrika, Izinhlelo Zolwazi Lomdabu "abanikazi bazo" yibona futhi abanikeza izinsiza kwabakade bebandlululwa okungenzeka ukuthi babe sekuntulekeni kwemisebenzi. Ngakho-ke ukubhekela kudinga ukunikezwa kugunya lokuthi i-IKS ingasebenza ekwakheni amathuba emisebenzi. Uhlelo lokuqashwa oluphakanyisiwe olwesekwe ku-IKS luzawuhambisana noma luhlale ngaphakathi Kohlelo lwemisebenzi Yomphakathi Eyesekwe Kumiphakathi ethuthukiswa nguHulumeni. Loku kuzokuba ngeyodwa yamaphrojekthi amaningi ahlose ukusebenzisa i-IKS ukuqeda ubuphofu.
Nokuqhubekisa I-IKS njengokokwakha amathuba emisebenzi.
Ukuqondanisa nezinye izinhlelo zolwazi kunikeza amanye amathuba asemqoka wemikhiqizo nezinsiza ezintsha ezingasoze zabhekelwa phansi. Imisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe kumithombo ejwayelekile iphathelene imisebenzi ephezulu yezomnotho namhlanje. Ukuthengiswa kwezidakamizwa okwesekwa kumakhambi omdabu wodwa kuphela kuyisamba ezingamabhiliyoni angama-32 ama-US$ ngonyaka. Kuye kwalinganiselwa ukuthi ngokuxhumana nabantu bomdabu, abakopoli bempilo bangakhuphula isilinganiso sempumelelo ohlolweni kusampuli eyodwa yayi-10,000 ukuya kweyodwa kwamabili, kanye nokuthi ulwazi "lwezomdabu" lukhuphula ukuqeqesheka kwezitshalo zesikrini ukuze zisetshenziselwe ukwelashwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-400.3 Ngaphandle kokufakwa wulwazi lomdabu, imikhiqizo eminingi yezokwelashwa eyigugu esetshenziswa namhlanje, yayingasoze yaba khona. Ngaphambi kuka-1992, Ulwazi Lomdabo kanye nemithombo yabonwa njengokufanayo kwamafa kwempilo yomuntu. Bekungekho imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe (futhi nakumanye amazwe kazwelonke) elunganisa ukufinyelela imithombo ejwayelekile. Ukusuka kumbono wokuncintisana kukazwelonke, emhlabeni osebenza kakhulu ngolwazi, izinhlelo zolwazi ezifinyeleleka kancane kunezinye zinikeza ithuba lamandla okuncintisana. Njengezwe asikwazi ukunganaki i-IKS ngokuphathelene naloku.
Amabutho empahla yobuhlakani awuhlobo lokuzimela akha ubunzima obumbalwa, uma esetshenziswa kumiphakathi yendawo. Bayehluleka ukunaka iphuzu lokuthi le miphakathi banendlela yokuphelele yokubhekana nendawo abakuyo futhi abehlukanisi imithombo okuvela kuyo impilo enhle yabo kokuqongelelwe komnotho nezenhlalonhle. Ngokuqhubekayo, umuntu ukuchaza kanjani ukuqamba kanye nokuba ngabazuzayo emphakathini wendawo, uma kunikezwe isidingo sokufakaza ubugugu nokungabi sobala nje Kwezinye izehlakalo kukhona amaqenjana ngaphakathi komphakathi, afana nezinyanga kanye nabantu bezamaciko abahlukanisa baphinde bathuthukise i-IK ngaphakathi kwabo, kunomphakathi ngobubanzi. Inkinga iphinde yenziwe nzima ezehlakalweni lapho okufanayo noma okuhambisanayo kolwazi lomdabu kusetshenziswa yimiphakathi ehlukile emhlabeni wonke?
Lezi zindaba zingahlanganiswa ngokusebenza ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-TRIPS ngokuseebnzisa izinhlobo ezahlukile zamalungelo empahla yobuhlakani. Loku kufaka iziboniso zezezwe, nezamalungelo esekwe kumiphakathi kanye nezinhlobo zama-sui generis zokuvikela okuzohambisana nohlelo lwamanje Lwempahla Yobuhlakani.
Indaba ephathelene nalolu hlelo lwamanje Lwempahla Yobuhlakani yomdabu nokusetshenziswa kube nesidingo sokuzibhala phansi. Ukuze kuvikelwe Ulwazi Lwezomdabu osekukhona emphakathini omkhulu ukuthi unganikezwa iphethenti njengokuveziwe okusha kwelinye ilizwe, kusemqoka ukunikeza umbhalo obhaliwe wokwenziwa okunje. Ngale ndlela, imiphakathi yomdabu ingacela inselele Empahleni Yobuhlakani enikezwa abanye ukuze isetshenziswe ngokungeyabo ngokosiko. Ayibhulari yedijithali Yolwazi Lomdabu (i-TKDL) (ENdiya) yase-Ayurveda yamiswa ukuvikela ukunikezwa kwamaphethenti kokuqalisiwe okwakungenawo amaphethenti kuma-TK aseNdiya, ukwaphula ulimi kanye nokwakha izihibe, kanye nokumisa ukuhlelwa kwendlela entsha, ukufuna kanye nezisetshenziswa zokufuna ulwazi nge-TK. Ukwengeza, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokubhaliswa kolwazi Lwezomdabu yesifunda , kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamzwe kungaseka ukuhlukaniselwana kwezinzuzo ngaphakathi kwezimboni nemiphakathi yendawo njengoba kuye kwaqala ukwenziwa eNdiya. Kungekudala eNingizimu Afrika, i-CSIR yafinyelela isivumelwano sezomlando nomphakathi wama-San ngokuhlukaniselwa kwezinzuzo ezingabakhona ezitholakala ekhambini lokwehlisa isimo sokuthanda ukudla elizokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isitshalo se-Hoodia. Sizokwakha uhlaka lomthetho elizohambisa ukufinyelelwa kwezivumelwano ezinje ngendlela enokuvumelana okunenzuzo kunokuyeka lolu daba kuxolo nenhlanhla yokungalindelwe.
Umthetho Wamaphethenti waseNingizimu Afrika kumele uguqulwe ukuze kube semthethweni ukufuna isivumelwano sokusebenzisa I-IK noma ukudluliswa kokokwenza okuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwezivumelwano zokomdabu zobuciko bangaphambilini ngokuphathelene namaphethenti nezifanekiso. Ukwehluleka ukwenza izivumelwano ezinje ezizokuba nomphumela wokulahlekelwa ukuvikelwa kwephethenti. Ngopmbono we-DST, izivumelwano ezinje kungenziwa ngokuhambisanayo ngesikhathi esivunyelwe sokuhlonipha. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa Kwezivumelwano Zolwazi Nokudluliswa Kokokwenza (ama-ITA kanye nama-MTA) ahlonipha amazinga aphansi kakhulu kumele afunwe kubo bonke abacwaningi emkhakheni we-IK ukuqinisekisa isisekelo ukuhlukaniselwano kwezinzuzo ezizayo kukungabi khona kohlelo lokurekhoda.
Umnyango Wesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe kuzakuba nesibopho se-IKS njengoba ihambisana nokuqamba nokuhambisana nezinye izinhlelo zomdabu kufakwa nokucwaninga, kanye NoMnyango Wemisebenzi Nezimboni izakubhekana nezindaba zempahla yobuhlakani kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-SMME ye-IK.
Ukuhlobana ngaphakathi kwe-IKS, kanye Nohlelo Lokuqamba Lukazwelonke (i-NSI) kanye Nohlelo Lwemfundo Lukazwelonke yinto enkulu nehambisanayo. I-IKS ingakhula iqhakaze ekuxoxisaneni kanye nasekusetshenziswaneni nezinye izinhlelo zolwazi. Ngokuguquliwe, akukho luhlelo kulezi ezimbili ezingaqhakaza ziphumelele ngaphandle kokuthi zesekwe ekuvikelweni nasekuqhutshekisweni kwe-IKS.
Izimiso zentando yeningi, ubulungisa bezenhlalonhle nokulinganisa, ukulingana, ukungabandlululi ngobuhlanga nangobulili, amalungelo esintu kanye nokuhloniswa kobuntu Komthethosisekelo kweseka okuyigugu okumiswe kuko uhlelo lwemfundo lukazwelonke. Okuyigugu Kwebika Likazwelonke Kwemfundo kuqinisa okuyigugu okungenhla ngokumisa okuyigugu kokuba negunya, umyalo womthetho, ukuhlonipha, umphakathi ovulekile nokusebenzisana njengensika eyengeziwe okwesekwe kuyo uhlelo lwemfundo lukazwelonke.
Umthethosivivinywa Wemfundo Nokuqeqeshwa (ka-1995) uchaza inhloso yokusemqoka kwemfundo kazwelonke nenqubomgomo yemfundo nokuqeqesha kazwelonke njengesemqoka "ukuvumela bonke abantu ukuba babe nothando, bafinyelele bese baphumelela ekufundeni nasekuqeqeshweni kwemfundo yempilonde yezinga elihle." Okusemqoka kubukhulu obuxhasiwe kuboniswa njengokufuna uhlelo lwemfundo oluguquliwe, olusebenzayo nolunempumelelo. Lo mbono wakhiwe Kumthethosivivinywa Wesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe (ka-1996). Mthethosivivinywa Wezobuciko, Amasiko kanye Namagugu Esizwe (ka-1997) ubheka imfundo njengengxenye yezamasiko, futhi uvuma ukuthi isiko ngokwalo lidluliswa ngokusebenzisa imfundo.
Kukhona ukuhambisana okusemqoka ngaphakathi kokuyigugu okushiwo ngenhla kanye naloko okubusa izinhlelo zolwazi lomdabu, oluqukethe abantu, imiphakathi yolwazi kanye nezindlela zokwenza nobuchwepheshe obuhambisa ulwazi. Kusemqoka -ke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isu lemfundo likazwelonke luyahambisana nokukhuliswa kwe-IK. Ekuthuthukisweni Kwezitatimende Zohlelo Lwezifundo Olusha, kuye kwaba khona umbono onzima ekuboneni nasekuqiniseni igunya elisemqoka le-IK, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlonipha imfundo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
Kulokhu, umbono wokunikeza iziqu kanye nokuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kwe-IK akuzange kuthuthukiswe ngaphakathi kohlelo lolwazi lwaseNtshonalanga. Kuyingxenye esemqoka yokuphinde kulungiswe nokulamula okunje kuyavunywa, okuye kwabhekwa kwaguqulwa ngokuphelele. Le nqubomgomo ifuna ukumisa ukuqhubekisa nokwesekwa kweziqalo ukuqinisekisa ukuqiniswa kanye nokunikezwa iziqu kwe-IK ngokuhlanganisa lomsebenzi nemisebenzi yezikhungo esikhona ukuqinisekisa nokunikeza ulwazi iziqu, ikakhulukazi Uhlaka Lweziqu lukazwelonke.
I-IK iyaqhakamba ngokwemvelo, futhi iguqula izimo zayo ngokuguquka kwezidingo zabantu. Iphinde futhi ithole amandla okusebenza ngokuthi ifakwe ngokudephile ezimpilweni zabantu. Ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwezifundo lwemfundo ukusuka eswini lokuhanjiswa yingqikithi ukuya koloku xazulula izinkinga luphoqelela futhi ukukhunjulwa okuwumnyombo kwe-IK. Loku kuzodinga futhi izindlela ezifanele nezindlela zokwenza zokwazisa ngolwazi lomdabu kuzingqikithi ezehlukile zokufunda ezingaboniswa zisetshenziswe.
Uhlaka Lweziqu Lukazwelonke (i-NQF) lwamukela isimiso sempilo ende yokufunda, bese lukhumbula futhi nokuthi loku akwenzeki kuphela ezikoleni, emakholiji kanye nasezikhungwini lapho ungafunda khona uthole iziqu. Ukunikezwa iziqu yi-NQF nezakhiwo ezihlobene zingangezwa kuzinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokufunda, futhi kumele zifake ukuqinisekiswa kolwazi olufundiwe lwasetshenziswa ngokusebenzayo emiphakathini yezomdabu; ulwazi esikhathini esiningi oludluliswa ngomlomo. Loku kuzokwakha ngakwelinye icala isikhali senqubomgomo ekulondolozweni nasekugcinweni kolwazi lwezomnotho (ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokwehluka kwezempilo) lwemiphakathi ebukwa ngokwamasiko njengokobuphofu kwezomnotho nasemaphandleni.
Umbono wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe eNingizimu afrika yilowo ovumela ukuthuthuka wezenhlalonhle nezomnotho "ngokufakela amasu e-S&T ngaphakathi kokuqhuba ngamandla ekufinyeleleniUhlelo Lokuqalisa Lukazwelonke" futhi kuchazwa kumthethosivivinywaWesayensi Nobuchwepheshe owashicilelwa ngo- 1996. I-NSI ibona ukuthi ukuqamba kungenzeka kuphela kubantu kanye nemiphakathi eqambayo ngaphakathi kwendawo ekuvumelayo egqugquzela ukwazi ukwakha ekuxazululeni izinkinga. Ngaloko-ke izikhungo, izinhlangano kanye nezinqubomgomo ziphoqelekile ukusebenzisana ngokwakhayo ukuze zikwazi ukukhiqiza ulwazi olusha kanye nokudluliswa kwezobuchwepheshe. Mphumela wasekugcineni waezi zinhlelo zokuqamba ufaka ukukhuphula amazinga empilo, ukuqhubekisa ukuncintisana kanye nokuthuthukisa izindaba zabasebenzi.
Lolu hlobo lwezinhlelo ze-IKS ziphakamisa ukuthi zizawuba yindawo evundile yokuxhas, okusho ukuthi izinhlelo ze-IK ngokwenziwa kwazo zibhekene nabantu, zinokwehluka okukhulu, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ezinomsuka wendawo ezinokuxhumana okuphambanayo. Inani lamazwe embulunga ayizibonelo akhona lapho i-IK inikezele ngempumelelo kuzinhlelo zokuxhasa, isib. e-Japani, eNdiya, e-Singapore, e-Malaysia naseNingizimu Koriya. Cishe kuzo zonke lezi zehlakalo, i-IK iye yasebenza njengohlelo lolwazi oluhambisanayo kodwa olwehlukile okumele lihlanganiswe olwazini oluqondisiwe olusemqoka. Kuzakuba yinto yangempela ukuthi i-IKS ibe ngehlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngaphakathi Kwezinhlelo Zokuxhaswa Zikazwelonke.
Ukuxhaswa ngaphakathi kwe-IKS yaseNingizimu Afrika yinqubo eqhubekayo ngokuphendulela kuzidingo nezimo zemiphakathi eziguqukayo. Ukwenza kolwazi loku noma ukudluliswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezikhathini eziguquka ngokushesha kungaba isenzao sokuqamba ngokwaso. Ukungenela kombuso okunzima kusemqoka ekuxhaseni amandla okwenza okuthuthukisa i-IKS kazwelonke. Ukuhanjiswa okunakiwe kokubamba iqhaza kwesigaba sangasese ekuletheni izinzuzo zomnotho ukusuka ku-IK kusemqoka kungqikithi yomlando waseNingizimu Afrika yokungqubuzana kanye nokuxhashazwa ngaphakathi kwemiphakathi yomdabu Nombuso wobandlululo.
Isu le-R&D likaZwelonke elivunywe yiKhabhinethi ngoJuni ka-2002. Ngaphakathi kwaleli lisu kukhona isidingo sokuthuthukisa i-ajenda ucwaningo oluchazwe ngokucacile ye-IK, eyesekwe ekuchazweni kocwaningo oludingekayo okuphambili nokufakwayo. Kukhona futhi isidingo sokuthuthukisa ulwazi olucacile lohlaka oluqinisiwe olufaka okuthile ohlelweni lwemfundo.
Isamba sesisonke socwaningo lukazwelonke nezamba zezindleko zokuthuthukisa zilingana ncamashi nama-0,7% e-GDP, okucishe kube yingxenye yaloku kuzaliswa okutholakala esikhwameni semali sonphakathi. Ukuxhasa ngezimali ucwaningo lwe-IK lumele amathuba akhethekile ezifundo ezihambisanayo, ezinokusebenzisa kwabaningi kanye nocwaningo okubanjwa iqhaza kulo ukwenza ngcono uhlelo lokuqamba lukazwelonke. Kumanje sekukhona izinhlelo ezisemqoka Kumabandla ehlukile Esayensi, ikakhulukazi Ibandla Locwaningo Lwezolimo, Ibandla Locwaningo LweSayensi Nezimboni, Ibandla Locwaningo Lwamasayensi Abantu kanye Nebandla Locwaningo Lwezemithi. Isikhungo Socwaningo Sikazwelonke sesiqale ukuqhubezela ucwaningo ohlelweni lwemfundo ephakeme ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-R10 ngonyaka olufanekiselwe lenhloso.
Izinyanga zingaba ngabagcina ngokusemthethweni okuyigugu kwemiphakathi, okunikezwe kubona ngokomlando nomthethosisekelo. Ngakho-ke ukuba khona Kobuholi Bendabuko kunqubo yokuthuthukisa i-IK kusemqoka. Ngaphandle kokuthi akukho isu lokuthuthukisa I-IKS elizosebenza uma ngabe imiphakathi yomdabu neyendawo kanye nabaholi bayo bangazibandakanyi ngokuqondile nokusebenzayo. Kwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika, kuye kwabonakala emva kokwehluleka okuziphinda kohlolo lokuthuthukisa lwendawo, ukuthi abaholi bomdabu kanye neziphathimandla zomdabu ziqukethe impahla eyigugu kunqubo yokuthuthukisa.
Ukwenza okuvunyelenwe ngakho okufaka izinyanga kanye Nehhovisi Likazwelonke le-IKS lizakumiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abacwaningi bafinyelela imiphakathi yendawo neyomdabu ngokweseka okuzwakalayo nokuxhasekayo. Ukufinyelela umphakathi ngokuphathelene ne-IK kuzomele kufake izingxoxo nezinhlangano zabaholi bendabuko.
Eminyakeni yamanje, kuye kwaba nothando olukhulayo lwe-IKS kanye negunya abesifazane abalibambile ekuthuthukiseni kanye nasekugcineni kolwazi. Kuya kukhunjulwa ngabacwaningi kanye nabaseebnzi basezindaweni eziphansi ngokufanayo, ukuthi emiphakathini eminingi abesifazane yibona amamenenja emithombo yemvelo, nokuthi baqukethe ulwazi lwendawo olusemqoka. Izifundo eziningi ezihlobene ziye zabonisa ukuthi ukuthi izimo zokuguquka okusheshayo okufana nezingozi zendawo, imisebenzi eguqukayo yezomnotho, kanye nokungenelela kombuso, abesifazane babamba igunya elisemqoka ekugcineni impilo enhle, ukuqhubeka kwamasiko kanye nokubumbana komphakathi.
Ukuvumela ulwazi lwabesifazane oluzoholela ekutheni abesifazane kumele babambe igunya elisemqoka njengabathathi zinqumo ekumiseni inkombandlela yezinhlelo zocwaningo. Ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane ukusukela ekuqaleni kuwo wonke amazinga kusemqoka. Ukubamba iqhaza kuqondwa ngokuthi kufaka isibopho, ukwethembeka kanye nokusebenzisana, okungahambisani nokuxhumana kuphela kokusiza ukusebenzisa ukuqamba ngempumelelo enkulu. Loku kusho ukunikezwa amandla kwabesifazane, ukubanikeza ukuzimela namandla okuthatha izinqumo kuzimo nempilo yabo.
Ukunikela okwenziwa ngabesifazane njengezindawo zokubeka zengxentye enkulu ye-IK izawukhunjulwa. Kusemqoka futhi ukuthi igunya elisemqoka eliphethwe ngabesifazane ekusetshenzisweni kokukhiqizwa kokudla, ukunakekela kwezempilo, ukugcinas ukubumbana komndeni kanye nezinye izindawo ze-IKS kuyakhunjulwa ngokuphelele futhi imizamo iyenziwa ukuqinisa ukuqonda kwabo kulezo zindawo.
I-IK yindawo esemqoka yokuthi ubhekane nayo ngqo kuani elithile leminyango kahulumeni. Eminye Yeminyango yilena: Wezolimo; Wobuciko Namasiko; Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe; Wemfundo; Wezindaba Zemvelo Nezokuvakasha; Wemisebenzi Nezimboni; Kahulumeni Wendawo Nowesifunda; Wezindaba Zomhlaba; Wezamanzi Namahlathi kanye Nowezindaba zamazwe Angaphandle. Igunya le-DST iye yaziswa nguminyango ehlukile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuba khona isu elibumbanayo lezindaba ezipahthelene ne-IKS. Loku sekwenziwe ngokumiswa kwekomiti elihlanganisa iminyango le-IKS. Kuphakanyiswe ukuthi lawa makomiti abike ngokusebenzisa u-DG we-DST Kunhlangano Yezomnotho ye-FOSAD. Uhlu lweminyango kaHulumeni eshiwo ngenhla ayiphelele; eminye iminyango ingafakwa ekomitini njengegunya labo ku-IK iba ngechazwe ngokucacile kakhulu.
Ukumiswa kwehhovisi Likazwelonke nge-IKS kanye Nemisebenzi yalo ngaphakathi kwe-DST (Isigaba-4.2).
Ukumiswa Kwebandla Lokweluleka Likazwelonke nge-IKS, elizokweluleka uNgqongqoshe Isigaba-4.
Ukumiswa Kwesikhwama Semali se-IKS sikaZwelonke esizokweluleka UNgqongqoshe ngezindaba eziphathelene Nezikhwama Nezimali ze-IKS. Isigaba-4.
Ihhovisi likazwelonke le-IKS kumele limiswe ngaphakathi kwe-DST. Izindawo zokusebenza eziwumnyombo zezinhlangano ezinje kumele zifake ukukhunjulwa kanye nokuqhutshekiswa kwe-IK kanye nolwazi lwezinhlelo: Leli hhovisi luzokunikeza isikhungo sonobhala seKomiti Leminyango Esebenzisanayo.
Ibandla Lokweluleka Likazwelonke le-IKS linegunya lokweluleka Uhulumeni ngazo zonke izindaba eziphathelene nokukhumbula, ukuqhubekisa, ukuthuthukisa, ukuvikela kanye nokuqinisekisa i-IK kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi; zibike Kungqongqoshe we-ACST futhi ihanjiswe yi-DST.
Kukhona isidingo sokumisa Ihhovisi LikaZwelonke le-IKS.
Nokuphenya nokubonisa ngokuxhumana nemiphakathi yomdabu izinhlobo ezahlukile zobunikazi be-IK, indlela ekhona yokuvikela I-IK ne-IKS ngokuphathelene nezehlakalo zamasiko nemithetho yemiphakathi enje; kanye nezinhlelo zokufanekisa nezinqubo ezidingekayo ukukhumbula nokuvikela uhlobo ngalunye lobunikazi kanye nezimiso nemihlahlandlela yokwahlukaniselwana izinzuzo.
Umsebenzi Webandla Lokweluleka kuzakuba ukusebenza njenmgenhlangano nokweluleka enothando labameli abangabahlanganyeli bezikhungo, imiphakathi, abaphathi be-IKS nezingcweti. Abantu ngabanye abaqashwe kwiBandla kumele babe ngabaholi kumikhakha yabo ababhekane nayo abafisayo ukulula izeluleko kuHulumeni ngezindaba eziqondene ne-IKS. Ibandla lizakunikezwa ithuba lokubhekana nemibuzo, izifundo kanye nokuxhumana ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kwe-IKS kazwelonke.
Nokunikeza ukweluleka kuNgqongqoshe yezobuciko, Amasiko, Isayensi kanye Nobuchwepheshe ozokwazi ukusakaza ulwazi olunje ngaphakathi kontanga yakhe abanomnako ku-IKS.
Isikhwama Sezimali se-IKS kumele siomiswe njengendlela yokwandisa imali engenayo ngezivumelwano zokwahlukaniselana ngezinzuzo emisebenzini yezomnotho etholakala ku-IK ngokumela imiphkathi yomdabu yaseNingizimu Afrika lapho kudingeka khona. Zonke izimali ezikhokhwa Esikhwameni Semali se-IK yimali yesikhwama ngaphakathi kokuchazwa yisigaba se-13 (f) (ii) Somthetho Wokuhambisa Ezezimali Zomphakathi. Inhloso Yesikhwama ukuxoxisana kanye nokuphatha izimali zemivuzo etholakala olwazini lomdabu oluphethwe yimiphakathi yaseNingizimu Afrika, uma le miphakathi idinga insiza enje. Lapho kuba khona izinzuzo ngokuphathelene nemiphakathi ethile, imiphakathi enje izakumisa esazo Isikhwama sendawo. Izakuba nawo futhi amandla okuzifunela imali ngokweseka imisebenzi ethuthukayo ye-IKS.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi Isikhwama sizakuhambisa ukuxhumana kanye nokufinyelela kuzinhlelo ezikhona ezizokwengeza ekuqanjweni okuphansi ngokunikeza amathuba okwenza uhlolo, ukukhuphula izilinganiso, ukuthuthukisa kokufanayo kokuqala kanye nokumisa izingqalasizinda ezifanele, ezifana nezinhlelo ze-GODISA, i-Tshumisano, i-NAMAC, kanye ne-DTI.
Akusoze kwaba nemibandela yezezimali okumiswa Yesikhwama, kodwa lapho abasebenzi abengeziwe kudingeka baphathe futhi bahambise Isikhwama, loku nkuzakuhanjiswa NguMnyango WeSayensi Nobuchwepheshe.
Abaphathi Bolwazi Lwezomdabu kanye nabanye abahlanganyeli kumele bakwazi ukumisa ngokuzimelayo, izinhlangano ezizobhekana ngokucacile nezidingo zabahlanganyeli abathile (isibonelo Isikhwama se-IKS sase-SA kanye nesikhwama Sokwahlukaniselana Ngezinzuzo se-San Hoodia). Lezi zinhlangano zingakwazi ukufaka isicelo kulezi Zikhwama ukuze zithole izimali noma Ihhovisi Likazwelonke le-IKS ukuze lithole ukwesekwa.
Kumele kube khona indlela ecahazayo yokuhambisa nokuba negunya ngaphakathi Kwehhovisi Likazwelonke le-IKS, Ibandla Lokweluleka Likazwelonke le-IK, Ibandla Likazwelonke Lokuqamba kanye ne-CIPRO (ese-Pta), ngaphakathi kwezinye. [T2]Ukuqhubeka kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalasizinda ephakanyisiwe izakuhlukaniselana ngobuhlobo bokusebenza ngokusondelana nezinye izakhiwo ezimisiwe.
Izakhiwo ze-IKS zizawusebenzisana nezakhiwo ezifanele zikazwelonke, ama-NGO, izikhungo, amaziko kanye namaciko ngokwesekwe nokusebenzisana, ukuhlanganyela noma ukuvumelana ngenhloso yokwenza imisebenzi yabo ewumnyombo.
Nanoma ezinye izinyathelo ziye zathathwa ukukhusela ucwaningo lwe-IK ngobubanzi obukhulu ekumisweni kwezikhungo zocwaningo ezifana Namabandla Esayensi, nokwehluka okubonakalayo okuthile kwahlala kunokuzibuza okuphathelene nokungabikhona kobumqoka be-IK kumabhizinisini awumnyombo. Ucwaningo lwe-IKS lusebenza ngaphansi kophiko lweNhlangano Yocwaningo Kazwelonke (i-NRF). Ukubuyekezwa kwempumelelo yezinhlelo ze-NRF izokwenziwa esikhathini esifushane.
Ngokufana nazo zonke izinhlelo zolwazi, i-IKS idinga ukuxhaswa ngezimali ngokuzimisela komphakathi. Kuphindwe futhi kubonakale ukuthi okuphumayo kohlelo lwe-IK kanye nezinhloso zenqubomgomo ze-IK zihanjiswa ngamandla amakhulu ngezikhali ezifanele zokuxhasa ngezimali.
Abahambisi abasemqoka be-IKS njengopba bechazwe ESAHLUKWENI soku-1 isho ukuthi kumele kube nokuhanjiswa ngokuphelele kanye nokusebenzisana nabo bonke abahlanganyeli nemithombo kuhlelo lwe-IK.
Kulindeleke ukuthi uhulumeni kanye nezikhungo zakhe kuzakuba yisizalo esihle sokuxhasa ngezimali kwemisebenzi engenhla, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okuqala okuqhubekisa nokuqinisa uhlelo lwe-IK. Kodwa ezinye izisusa zokuxhasa ngezimali zizokuba yinto esemqoka kokubili isisusa sesiqalo sikazwelonke nesamazqwe ngamazwe.
INingizimu Afrika idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zokuqamba okuqhubekayo ezihambisana ne-IK zikhulela abaphathi nezingcweti zibe futhi zikhulise ukuthuthuka kwezenhlalonhle nezomnotho.
Le nqubomgomo ye-IKS isizwa ngezinye izinqubomgomo, okungukuthi, izinqubomgomo eziphathelene nobuhlakani bempahla, ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe, ezempilo nobuchwepheshe, imithombo yezempilo namajini, ukuphepha kokudla, isiko, amafa esizwe, imfundo njll. Ngokwengezela isikhathi, yonke imithetho ye-IKS izokwaziswa ngaolku, ngemithetho yamalungelo empahla yobuhlakani, impilo yezobuchwepheshe, ukwehluka ngempilo imithombo yezempilo namajini.
Zonke izikhungo zomthetho ezifanelekile ezikhona.
Izinhlelo eziyinani elithile zomthetho ziyathinteka ngokuphathelene ne-IKS futhi zizokuhanjiswa Yiminyango embalwa. I-DEAT ikunqubo yokwenza Umthetho sivivinywa Yokwehluka Kwempilo ukuthi usebenze. Umthethosivivinywa Wokwehluka Kwezempilo unikeza Iziphathimandla Zikazwelonke ezizoniokeza ukuvunywa kokufinyelela kanye nasekuqoqweni nasekusebenziseni imithombo yezempilo. Umnyango Wezemisebenzi Nezimboni (i-DTI) izakuthi ekwenzeni uhlaka lomthetho (bheka isigaba se-4.5) ubheke zonke izinhlobo zokuvikela amalungelo abaphathio be-IK kufakwa namabutho okuvikela i-sui generis lapho kufanele khona. Umnyango Wezempilo (i-DoH) wenze uhlaka Lo mthethosivivinywa Wezingcweti Zempilo Yamasiko kanye Nowokuphatha Imithi enikeza ukumiswa Kwebandla Lesikhashana lezingcweti zempilo laseRephabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika, uhlaka lokulunganisa oluqinisekisa amandla okuqeda, ukuphepha kanye nezinga lezinsiza zokunakekela zezempilo; ukunikeza ukuphatha ngaphezu kokurejistwa, ukuqeqeshwa nokusebenza Zezingcweti Zempulo Yamasiko. Ngokusebenzisa Umthetho Wemithombo Yamafa Ezwe Kazwelonke Umnyango Wezobuciko Namasiko (i-DAC) ingahambisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IK njengengxenye yamafa esizwe angabambeki kanye nezinto zamafa esizwe lezo usiko lokwethula ngomlomo lihanjiswa namafa esizwe aphilayo. I-DST izakuhambisa ukusebenza komthetho Wehhovisi likaZwelonke le-IKS, Ibandla Lokweluleka le-IK likazwelonke kanye Nezikhwama Zezimali ze-IK futhi izokuba nesibopho zokulunganisa kanye nokukhulemea i-IKS.
Ukuvikelwa kwezimpawu zokuthengisa, okuyimfihlo yokuthengisa, imithombo yezempilo namajini, izindaba zamafa esizwe namasiko kunokwenzeka ngaphansi komthetho weziboniso zezezwe. Izindaba zemingcele ephambanayo zingalibaziswa ngokulotshiwe okunhlangothi mbili noma okunhlangothi ningi ukulinganisa lezi zimpawu.
I-Ndiya imise inqolobane yolwazi Yolwazi lomdabu olubhekene nemithi ye- Ayurvedic ye-Sanskrit, ngokubeka lolulwazi ngokusebenzayo endaweni yomphakathi. Lona ngumzamo wokuvikela izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi zinikeze amaphethenti kukudla nemithi yemvelo ekade isetshenziswa yimiphakathi YamaNdiya ngokwesiko. Leli rekhodi Ledijithali Laselayibhulari linemininingwane engafika cishe ku-4,500 yezitshalo zokwenza imithi, kunqolobane yolwazi okwazi ukufuna kuyo ngokushesha ukuvumela lezo esisebenzisa amaphethenti ukuhlola ukuthi 'ukuqanjwa' kwawo kungenzeka kube 'ngokobuciko banagaphambilini' okungenawo amaphethenti. Leli lisu lenza umkhawulo wezinzuzo eziqondile zabaphathi be-IK nanoma inqolobane yolwazi ngokwayo ingaba nawo amandla okufaka imali.
Kungekudala, Ibandla Lesayensi kanye Nocwaningo Lwezimboni (i-CSIR) eNingizimu Afrika kanye Nomphakathi we-SAN wase-Kalahari baphumelelisa Isivumelwano Sesikhwama (Isikhwama Sokwabelana Ngezinzuzo se-San Hoodia) ukwabelana ngezinzuzo okucatshangwa ukuthi zingaba khona kumpumelelo yokuthengisa yamaphathenti alandela ucwaningo nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuhambisana nesitshalo sokwenza imithi. Kulesi sehlakalo ulwazi luthathwa njengempahla yomphakathi ofanele, elidluliselwa kusikhungo bese lithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Umzila wenqolobane yolwazi inganikeza indlela yokweseka wokuhanjiswa kukazwelonke ukusebenzisa i-IK ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zendawo zemithi ezihlose ukukhiqiza amakhambi angabizi kakhulu. Kodwa ayikwazi ukunikeza imiphakathi amandla njengoba ulwazi lwawo lubekwe ngokuchaziwe endaweni yomphakathi. Indiya ngokuba khon " kombhalo" we-Sanskrit ophathelene ne-IK yenza umphakathi wenqolobane enje ukuthi uqonde ngokukwazekayo. Kodwa iNingizimu Afrika ayinako ukufinyelelwa kwalolu hlobo lwendlela yokuqinisekisa.
Indlela esemqoka yembulunga yempahla ewubuhlakani Yinhlangano Yempahla Yobuhlakani Yomhlaba (i-WIPO). Izinhloso ezisemqoka ze-WIPO kumele zivikele ziqhubekisa impahla yobuhlakani (i-IP), kanye nokwakha amandla okuba yilungu lombuso ukuthola izinzuzo zezomnotho ezivela empahleni yobuhlakani.
Ekugcineni, iNingizimu Afrika, ngokuhlanganyela namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, idinga ukuphenya ukwenzeka kokumisa amakhontinethi abumbayo noma amabandla ezifunda angabhekani kuphela nokuvikela namalungelo Ohlelo Lwempahla Yobuhlakani, kodwa enza ngokweqile aye ekuthuthukisweni ezinye izikhali ezifanele zokuvikela i-IK.
I-IKS ibhekwa njengomthombo osemqoka kazwelonke, ngakho-ke kumele uhlanganiswe Nesu Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezindaba Zabasebenzi Likazwelonke,(i-HRD) Nesu Lokuthuthukisa Amakhono Likazwelonke, kanye Nesu Lokuthuthukisa Ezasemaphandleni Elihlanganisiwe. Ukuhlanganisa okunje kuzakusiza ngapjhalathi kokunye ukulungisa ukungalingani kwesikhathi esedlule.
Uhulumeni uzakuthuthukisa isu lokwengeza ukuqapha komphakathi kanye nokuqonda okuyigugu kwe-IKS.
I-IKS iqukethe ulwazi olubanzi olwehlukene olwaluhleli lufihlakele kakhulu emfundweni eqondisiwe, ekuqanjweni, kuzimboni kanye nakwezokuthengisa. Abaphathi be-IK njengabagcini baloku banamandla amakhulu okuqamba kanye nokuthengiswa kolwazi lomdabu.
Ngokuhambisa Nesu le-HRD nezimiso ze-RDP, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindaba zabasebenzi ze-IKS kuzakwenziwa ukuthi kuxhaswe ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezihanjiswa ngabantu kanye namasu asetshenziswe kumazinga endawo, esifunda kanye nakazwelonke useebnzisa uphinda wakha ingqalasizinda ekhona.
Umphathi we-IK - Isu Elingumnyombo Wokuthuthukisa: Abaphathi be-IK kumele bazibandakanye ngokunomqondo ohlelweni kuwo wonke amazinga kanye nakakhulkazi kunqubo yokuthatha izinqumo. Kumele babe bezilungiselele ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa imfundo nokuqeqesha kumagunya avelayo ayizinhlobonhlobo, ukuhlela, ukwenza izinqumo, ukusebenzisa, ukuthuthukisa amakhono, ukuphendulela kumathuba amasha emisebenzini kanye nokuphatha nokubusa i-IKS. Imfundo nokuqeqesha kumele ibe khona kuzinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhungo zemfundo kanye nasendaweni yokusebenzela.
Ukwanelisa izidingo zemfundo nokuqeqesha: Inqubomgomo ye-IKS iyabubona ubumqoka bokunikeza abaphathi nezingcweti ze-IKS iziqu. Umnyangon weSayensi Nobuchwepheshe izakudinga ukuthuthukisa ngokuhlanganyela NoMnyango Wemfundo kanye Nowabasebenzi ngokunikeza abaphathi be-IK ngendlela yokuthola imfundo nokuqeqesha okucacile. Uhlu lonke lolwazi kumele lwenganyelwe ngokubhekwa kwesu eliqondile ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa Kwesayensi Yezindaba Zabasebenzi, Ubunjiniyela kanye Nobuchwepheshe, AmaSayensi Ezomnotho Nokuphatha.
Eningizimu Afrika, ukufunwa kwemithi nezinsiza zomdabu kuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokufunwa kwezinziza zokunakekela ezempilo kwabasentshonalanga, futhi kuyakhula ngenxa yokwanda komphakathi, ubuphofu kanye nezinkolelo.
NjengeShayina NeNdiya, ucwaningo oluningi nokweseka ukuthuthuka okuvela kuhulumeni kanye namabhiozinisi aseNingizimu Afrika okuye kwabhekiswa ekuphenyweni kwezempilo eziyisibonakalo kanye nezemithi, kwase kuthi ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kwaqhutshekiswa yizinkampani ezinkulu zezemithi. Kukhona imizamo embalwa eqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni izimakethe ezikhona, imikhiqizo ehambisana nazo, ingqalazisinda kanye nabadlali bezimakethe. Kukhona ukungalingani ekwesekweni kwemithi yomdabu, ngokuthi ukuzalisa okuningi okubhekiswe ekufuneni amakhemikhali asizayo okuthengiswa ngaphakathi kwezitshalo zokwenza imithi, ngaleso sikhathi akukho noma kuncane kakhulu ukuzaliswa okubhekiswe ekugcineni noma ekukhuphuleni izinzuzo, okumanje imakethe ekhona isizethula emphakathini. Imakethe yemithi yomdabu yaseNingizimu Afrika ingaqhakaza kuzingcingo ezifanayo njengalezi zase-Shayina naseNdiya, ezinikezwe ukudingeka okusabalilisiwe ukuze kusetshenziswe ngumphakathi jikelele. Ukwengeza kuloko futhi kukhona amathuba emikhiqizo esezingeni elingcono ngaphakathi kokukhanya okubanzi kwe-IKS kanye nezobuchwepheshe ezihambisana nazo ezixhumene nokudla nemithi njengokuyimpilo emphakathini wendawo e-Afrika.
Ukunaka okucacile kumele kunikezwe ekuzimbandakanyeni kwabaphathi be-IK, abesifazane nentsha ekuzinhlelo ezifaka ukuthuthukiswa kwabathengisi kanye nebhizinisi, ukwengeza, inqubo kumele imbandakanye ukuthuthukisa kwabacwaningi abanamakhon aphezulu okugelezayo kanye namamanenja e-IKS abaqonda ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-IK kanye nokuqanjwa, ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlakazeka kwemibono yezimboni, uhulumeni kanye nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme. Uphawu olusemqoka lokwazisa lokuthuthukisa Izindaba Zabasebenzi ze-IKS yinjongo yokunikeza imfundo nokuqeqesha ephelele; kanye nolwazi lokuthengisa olunocwaningo oluhlanganisayo, ukuqamba okuthuthukisayo kanye nezindaba zokuthengisa. Lolu lwazi luzakubonwa ngokusebenzisa imizamo yokusebenzisana yezikhungo ezikhethekile-izimboni-uhulumeni kanye nama-NGO.
Ubandlululo lwasebenza ukwehlisa ukuthuthukiswa lwaphinde lwadla i-IKS, okumanje isasongwe ngalezo zinhlungu futhi isathathwa njengeyona evunyelwe ngumthetho ngabase-Afrika nabangewona ama-Afrika ngokufanayo. Izinkinga ezisemqoka ngokuphathelene naloku zidinga izehlakalo ezihleliwe ukulungisa ububi besikhathi esedlule sako.
Ukuqanjwa nokuhlakazeka kobuchwepheshe, amathuluzi nolwazi, ikakhulukazi ngesilinganiso esincane, kunikeza amandla amakhulu okubhekana nezinkinga zombili zokuthuthukisa amaphandla nezindawo sasemadolobheni, kanye nokwehlisa ubuphofu. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, ubuchwepheshe obufanele kungafaka kuko kokubili ukukhushulwa kwemali engenayo engeyona eyabalimi, amabhizinisi amncane kanye nokukhiqiza ezolimi okwengeziwe. Kodwa kukhona izingozi kulezi zindawo. Ukuqanjwa kobuchwepheshe kwemabhizinisi amancane asemaphandleni angaba nomphumela omubi ekulimazeni indalo, ekukhishweni okunzima kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nemibandela engaziwa yokuqeda ukungalingangani kwasemaphandleni nobuphofu.
Ukuqhubekisa izenzo zokuthuthukisa ukuxhaswa, ukuxhaswa kokusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwemithombo yemvelo (amanzi, umhlaba, amandla okwenza, ulwandle, njll.), ukuvikela izingozi zemvelo kanye nokumosakala okungabakhona, ukuvikela iziqhuingi ezibuthakathaka kanye nezinhlelo zogu nezezwe, ukubulala ukuba yiziqhingi, ukuvikelaukwehluka ngokwempilo, njll. Njengokufakela ngqo ekwehliseni ubuphofu nokukhuphula indlela yokuphila yasemaphandleni nasemadolobheni; ukuqhubekisa imfundo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obunobungane bezemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-IK okwesekwe ekwazini ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani okufanele ingqikithi yezidingo yabantu abahluphekayo basemaphandleni nasemadolobheni; ukuqhubekisa ucwaningo olusetshenziswayo, ukudluliswa nokuqedwa kokuqanjwa ngobuchwepheshe obufanele; ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxoxo ezinolwazi nezinesisekelo zembulunga ngobuhle obungabakhona nezingozi ezilethwa wukubhekana neminye imikhakha yesayensi nobuchwepheshe isibonelo ubuchwepheshe bokuphilayo.
Qhubekisa ucwaningo lokwakha ubukhulu emanyuvesi. Loku kuzokwakha olwazini olutholiwe Ekucwaningweni Kwezobuchwepheshe KweKomiti LePhothifoliyo Lezomdabu i-ACST eyenziwe ngaphakathi konyaka ka-1990.
Nokweseka imisebenzi eqalwayo eyesekwa yizikole nemfundo yabadala eyisisekelo eziqondiswe ekuvivisweni kolwazi lwendabuko ngaphakathi kwengqikithi yokufunda emasiko ningi.
Amafa Ezwe kanye nokuziqhenya ngamasiko wumnako osemqoka kahulumeni emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Isikhathi esedlule saseNingizimu Afrika esibi kanye nokuthelela okubi kwamasiko yimiphumela edlayo yokwembulunga kwenza kube nesidingo sokugqugquzela i-IK enziwe ngcono kanye nokuqapha i-IKS ngaphakathi komphakathi wonkana. Loku kuzosiza izakhamuzi ukuthi ziqonde ngokuphelele bese ziba nothando kumandla okuthelela namandla angabakhona athelela i-IKS ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke.
Iningizimu Afrika kumele imise izindlela zokulinganisa ezifanele, ezingakwazi ukwakha izivumelwano kanye namakhodi okuziphatha embhalweni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo ye-IKS. I-IK ingabhalwa, igcinwe ngokwekhompyutha bese ibekwa ohlelweni olufanele ngaphakathi Kwenqolobane Yolwazi Yohlelo LwamaPhethenti Lwamazwe Ngamazwe (i-IPC), ukuze ikwazi ukucwaningwa kalula, ikhishwe iphinde ivikelwe.
Izindlela namazinga asetshenzisiwe ekwakheni izinqolobane zolwazi ze-IK kumele zihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze ukufunwa kolwazi okuhambisanayo kube khona. Ekugcineni ukwakhiwa kwenqolobane yolwazi lwe-IK kuzokusetshenziselwa inhloso ebanzi ngokunikeza kanye nokukhuphula amandla okuqanjwa, kucatshangwa futhi nangezindlela zokuvikelwa kwe-IK njengoba kuchazwe Esigabeni sika-6.2. Amazinga afanayo azakuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwamareferensi athe chithi saka kanye namareferensi anikezwe abantu nge-IKS ngefomu angatholakala ngalo. Loku kuzakusebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwezinhlelo zolwazi ezinye nezomdabu.
Amalayibhulari adlala igunya elisemqoka ku-IKS. Amalayibhulari ezobuchwepheshe awumthombo osemqoka wabasebenzi bocwaningo kanye nosochwepheshe, futhi kumele agcinwe njalo anolwazi olufanele. Ngokokunye uma ugcina ngokubona okuzayo okusebenzayo ngokuthuthukisa imiboniso, imibukiso kanye nohambo, ngokuba nokwamukela okukhona kwamasiko omdabu, kanye nangokufuna ngokusebenzayo okokwenza okukhiqizwe kwakhiqizelwa abantu bomdabu, amalayibhulari amanyuvesi azokunikeza izinsiza ezisemqoka eziqhubekisa ukuqonda izindaba zomdabu.
Nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokobuciko ukweseka ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi Wezomdabu.
Okunye ukuthi amasu kumele akhiwe ukuze kwabelwane ngemithombo enje ngokwezifunda kanye nasekwesekweni izingcweti zokweseka ikakhulukazi kulezo zifundo, okwesekwe kuzikhungo zokuhle kakhulu kulezo zifundo. Amalayibhulari jikelele angabamba igunya elisemqoka emfundweni yabadala jikelele kanye nasekuqondeni komphakathi ngokucacile nge-IKS. Kunesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi kulesi sehlakalo bayesekwa ukunikeza ingqalasizinda efanele ngenhloso yokuletha ulwazi kanye nemibhalo ehambisana nayo.
Kukhona amamnyuziyemu angaphezu kwayi-400 athola imali yomphakathi eNingizimu Afrika. Omasipala kuzifunda beseka amaningi alawa. Kodwa amanye ikakhulukazi lawa amakhulu, axhaswa ngezimali kuzwelonke. Amamnyuziyemu aseNingizimu Afrika enza imisebenzi ekhethekile yocwaningo nezinsiza, ikakhulukazi kumasayensi e-taxonomic kanye futhi nawasemthethweni.
Amamnyuziyemu ngokwamazwe ngamazwe angababambi qhaza abasemqoka ocwaningweni lwe-IKS. ENingizimu Afrika, igunya lokucwaninga lamamnyuziyemu kumele lichazwe liphuinde ligqugquzelwe. Amamnyuziyemu angabamba igunya elihle nelibonakalayo ekuletheni ukuqapha komphakathi nge-IKS. Ngokuphathelene naloku ukumiswa kwemnyuziyemu ye-IKS okungabakhona enokuqapha okuphezulu komphakathi kumele iphenywe.
Izinhlobo zokomlomo ze-IK ezidluliswa kusizukulwane ukuya kusizukulwane zisengozini yokuthi zingaphela ngenxa yokulandela amasiko abamhlophe kanye nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. Kumele kwenziwe indlela yokubiza nokulondoloza izinhlobo zokomlomo ze-IK ukufakela kokokwenza kwendawo yokugcina okwakudala kuzwelonke. Loko kuzokwenziwa ngokuxhumana Nephrojekthi Yomlando Wezomlomo kanye Nendawo Yokugcina Okwakudala Kuzwelonke.
Eyodwa yemisebenzi esemqoka Yomnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe kuye kwaba ukubonisa nokuqhubekisa umugqa ophambili nezindawo ezisemqoka Zokuthuthukisa Nocwaningo (i-R & D) kumikhakha ehlukile yesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ukuvuma igunya elisemqoka elenziwa ezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi, amalabhorothri kumele amiswe ngezinhloso eziyizinhlobo ezimbili, okuwukuthi inhloso esemqoka yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bomdabu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukumuncwa okusebenzayo kabnye nokuzijwayeza kobuchwepheshe obuvela kwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa, ukuxhumana kanye nokukhaxaza kubaphathi bolwazi.
Amalabhorothri akhethekile kumele amiswe ukuthuthukisa i-IK, ngaphezu kokuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwe-Ik ngaphakathi kwezikhungo ezikhona zocwaningo. Amalabhorothri omdabu angasebenza njengezindawo zokungena ekufuneni ukhetho lwendawo kanye namasu asekwe kububanzi ekuqanjweni kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphatha imithombo yemvelo. Amalabhorothri e-IK kumele aseke imisebenzi yabantu bomdabu esiza ukulondoloza nokuvikela ulwazi lwendawo, lufune ukwaziwa kanye nokukukhokhelelwa ukuqamba kwabantu bomdabu kanye neminikelo yobuhlakani. Lawa malabhorothri azokufakela emisebenzini ethintekayo ezingeni lomphakathi eliqhubekisa ukuthuthuka okuxhaswayo kwemiphakathi yomdabu, ucwaningo lwabantu ngabantu bomdabu, kanye nokwakha amandla ukumisa izihloko kanye nokuqondisa imisebenzi yocwaningo.
Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukumiswa kwezikhungo ze-IKS ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezikhona ezifana namanyuvesi, isikhungo zemiphakathi njll. Zizawusebenza njengezindlela zokuhambisa nokusiza ukwenza, kanye nezinsiza zazo, izinhlelo, kanye namaphrojekthi okumele zifake ukubamba iqhaza okubanzi kanye nokusebenzisana namalungu omphakathi wendabuko wendawo. Izikhungo Zolwazi Lwezomdabu zizawubhekana nemisebenzi yazo yokulondoloza kanye nokusebenzisa ulwazi lwendawo lwabantu bomdabu ngaphakathi kwemingcele yaseNingizimu Afrika. Izikhungo ze-IKS ezisebenza ngokusondelana nomphakathi wendawo zizawunikezwa ukuhambisa ukuhlanganyela phakathi kwezikhungo zefundo ephakeme, ama-NGO kanye Nabaphathi be-IKS nezingcweti ezisebenza ngokuqhubekisa nokuthuthukisa i-IKS.
Nokusiza ukwakhiwa kwezinqubomgomo nokufanekisa izinhlelo zokusiza zobuchwepheshe ezesekwe olwazini lomdabu.
Le nqubomgomo ye-IKS iwumlando ngoba iqinisekisa okuyigugu kwesiko kwase-Afrika ebusweni bembulunga yomhlaba. Imibandela yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa, ukukhumbula, ukuvikela, ukuqhubekisa kanye nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwezomdabu ophethwe yimiphakathi yezomdabu kanye nendawo ngenhloso yokukhulisa ezomnotho nokuthuthukisa ezenhlalonhle. Yesekelwe yizehlakalo ezisemqoka ezifana nomnikelo wolwazi lwezomdabu kwezomnotho kanye nokuhambisana ne-IKS nezinhlelo zolwazi.
Lo mbhalo wenqubomgomo uthuthukiswe ngaphakathi kwengqikithi Yokuqanjwa Kohlelo Likazwelonke. Iphakamisa ukumiswa kwezakhiwo zezikhungo ezihlukile ukuze kuqiniswe, kukhunjulwe, kuthuthukiswe, kuvikelwe kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi lomdabu. Okusho ukuthi, Ihhovisi Likazwelonke le-IKS lizawuhambisa ukusebenzisana ngaphakathi kwabahlanganyeli kanye nemali yokulinganisa yomsebenzi wokucwaninga nokuqhubekisa I-IKS. Isikhwama Sokuthuthukisa sikaZwelonke sizawuba nesibopho sokweseka ukuvikelwa, ukuqhubekisa kanye nokuthuthukisa i-IKS, nokwazisa ngamaphrojekthi afanele. Ibandla Lokweluleka lizakusebenza ngenhlangana okungaxhunyanwa nayo kanye nokugcina ukuhlanganiswa kwezikhungo ezehlukile, imiphakathi kanye nabaphathi nezingcweti ze-IKS.
Uma unikezwa ukumiswa kwezakhiwo ezingenhla kanye nohlobo lokuhlanganisa kwe-IKS, le nqubomgomo icacisa amagunya ahlukene azokwazi ukwenziwa yiminyango kazwelonke esebenza nge-IKS. Isibonelo, i-DTI (ama-IPR), i-DoH (izimpawu zokulunganisa ngokuphathelene nezingcweti zezempilo yendabuko), I-DEAT (ukwehluka kwezempilo, ukufinyelela, ukuhlukaniselana izinzuzo), Ezemfundo (ukuhlanganisa ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezifundo), kanye ne-DAC (izimpawu zamafa esizwe namasiko ahambisana ne-IKS), kanye ne-DST (ukuqamba nokuhlanganisa nezinye izinhlelo zolwazi), kanye neminye iminyango kahulumeni esebenza endaweni yezinhlelo zolwazi lomdabu.
